Modeling lateral circulation and its influence on the along-channel flow in a branched estuary     

Lei Zhu  Qing He  Jian Shen 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(2):177-191

A numerical modeling study of the influence of the lateral flow on the estuarine exchange flow was conducted in the north passage of the Changjiang estuary. The lateral flows show substantial variabilities within a flood-ebb tidal cycle. The strong lateral flow occurring during flood tide is caused primarily by the unique cross-shoal flow that induces a strong northward (looking upstream) barotropic force near the surface and advects saltier water toward the northern part of the channel, resulting in a southward baroclinic force caused by the lateral density gradient. Thus, a two-layer structure of lateral flows is produced during the flood tide. The lateral flows are vigorous near the flood slack and the magnitude can exceed that of the along-channel tidal flow during that period. The strong vertical shear of the lateral flows and the salinity gradient in lateral direction generate lateral tidal straining, which are out of phase with the along-channel tidal straining. Consequently, stratification is enhanced at the early stage of the ebb tide. In contrast, strong along-channel straining is apparent during the late ebb tide. The vertical mixing disrupts the vertical density gradient, thus suppressing stratification. The impact of lateral straining on stratification during spring tide is more pronounced than that of along-channel straining during late flood and early ebb tides. The momentum balance along the estuary suggests that lateral flow can augment the residual exchange flow. The advection of lateral flows brings low-energy water from the shoal to the deep channel during the flood tide, whereas the energetic water is moved to the shoal via lateral advection during the ebb tide. The impact of lateral flow on estuarine circulation of this multiple-channel estuary is different from single-channel estuary. A model simulation by blocking the cross-shoal flow shows that the magnitudes of lateral flows and tidal straining are reduced. Moreover, the reduced lateral tidal straining results in a decrease in vertical stratification from the late flood to early ebb tides during the spring tide. By contrast, the along-channel tidal straining becomes dominant. The model results illustrate the important dynamic linkage between lateral flows and estuarine dynamics in the Changjiang estuary.  相似文献   

基于新型高频声学多普勒流速剖面仪的河口近底部边界层观测初探     

兰庭飞  吴昊  唐杰平  李占海  汪亚平 《海洋通报》2019,38(6):640-649

河口物质输运、能量交换与底边界层内的水动力过程密切相关,底边界层参数(如切应力、拖曳系数)的确定至关重要。挪威Nortek公司生产的新型声学多普勒流速剖面仪AD2CP相比传统ADCP具有高频、低噪的优点,可用于高频(16Hz)流速剖面观测,而被广泛应用于底边界层观测的ADV只能测量单点高频流速。本文采用AD2CP在长江口南槽最大浑浊带区域进行座底式观测,并与同步近底部三脚架上ADV的观测结果进行对比。结果表明,使用AD2CP测得的近底部平均流速与ADV的测量结果吻合良好;使用惯性耗散法计算了底切应力,基于ADV的单点高频流速数据计算结果为2.16×10~(-2)～5.69×10~(-1)N/m~2,基于AD2CP的结果为2.09×10~(-2)～4.26×10~(-1)N/m~2,二者范围大致相当。在此基础上,基于AD2CP数据计算出摩阻流速为4.55×10~(-3)～2.06×10~(-2)m/s、底拖曳系数范围为1.84×10~(-4)～2.49×10~(-3),与ADV的计算结果基本一致。此外,由于AD2CP可以获得高频的流速剖面数据,优于单点ADV,具备观测近底部边界层参数和边界层内湍流剖面的潜力。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲孤东近岸冲淤演变及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程慧  陈沈良  徐丛亮  姬泓宇  凡姚申 《海洋科学》2019,43(11):11-18

为更好地了解近40年来孤东近岸的演变过程,以研究区剖面水深地形、Landsat影像和利津站水沙数据为数据源,采用遥感技术及数理统计法对研究区域岸线及面积变化进行监测计算,并分析1976—1986年、1986—1996年、1996—2002年、2002—2014年4个不同阶段的冲淤演变及影响因素。结果表明:(1)孤东近岸经历"强淤积-冲淤平衡-侵蚀-强侵蚀"4个阶段。孤东近岸海域由淤积向侵蚀转变始于1996年,且在2002—2014年间侵蚀最为严重,大部分近岸海域蚀深达到6～8 m,侵蚀最大深度超过8 m;(2)等深线变化时空差异明显,蚀退最先出现在北侧,且近岸5 m水深区域内冲淤变化较水深10 m内敏感;(3)研究区近岸侵蚀,离岸淤积,剖面冲淤平衡位置由CS19剖面的11 m水深变化到CS21剖面的5m水深;(4)黄河入海水沙的减少、河口人工改汊、孤东大堤建设和海洋动力作用都对孤东近岸的冲淤演变产生影响,维持研究区冲淤平衡的年均来沙阈值为3.78亿t/a。通过此来进一步探究孤东近岸演变进程,为孤东近岸防护提供科学指导。  相似文献   

The role of salinity in fluvio-deltaic morphodynamics: A long-term modelling study     

Zeng Zhou  Luying Chen  Jianfeng Tao  Zheng Gong  Leicheng Guo  Mick van der Wegen  Ian Townend  Changkuan Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(3):590-604

Salinity difference between terrestrial river discharge and oceanic tidal water plays a role in modifying the local flow field and, as a consequence, estuarine morphodynamics. Although widely recognized, recent numerical studies exploring the long-term morphological evolution of river-influenced estuaries with two-dimensional, depth-averaged models have mostly neglected salinity. Using a three-dimensional morphodynamic model, we aim to gain more insight into the effect of salinity on the morphodynamics of fluvio-deltaic systems. Model results indicate that the resultant estuarine morphology established after 600 years differs remarkably when a salinity gradient is included. A fan-shaped river-mouth delta exhibits less seaward expansion and is cut through by narrower channels when salinity is included. The inclusion of salinity tends to generate estuarine circulation, which favours landward sediment transport and hence limits the growth of the delta while enhancing the development of intertidal areas. The formation of deltaic channel–shoal patterns resulting from morphodynamic evolution tends to strengthen salinity stratification, which is characterized by an increased gradient Richardson number. The direction of the depth-averaged residual sediment transport over a tide may be opposite to the direction of residual velocity, indicating the significant influence of baroclinic effects on the net sediment transport direction (and hence morphological change). The effect of salinity on morphological evolution becomes less profound when the strength of tidal or fluvial forcing is dominant over the other. The effects of sediment type and flocculation, which are particularly important when salinity gradients are present, are also discussed. Overall, this study highlights that neglecting salinity to simulate long-term estuarine morphodynamics requires more careful justification, particularly when the environment is characterized by fine sediment types (favouring suspended transport), and relatively large river discharge and estuarine depth (favouring baroclinic effects). © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13世纪以来中国海洋盐业动态演变及驱动因素     

鲍俊林  高抒 《地理科学》2019,39(4):596-605

海洋盐业是中国海洋经济的重要部分,也是沿海传统产业之一,13世纪以来不断发展演变。将沿海分为北、东、南3个地带,搜集整理与海盐经济相关的多种历史文献及方志资料,运用地理学方法分析评估了海洋盐业百年尺度的动态演化过程,并比较了资源环境与管理政策的驱动作用及其差异。研究表明：① 沿海盐业表现为传统煎法长期主导、逐步废煎改晒的过程,不同盐区的演化进程存在显著差异,北部盐区最快,东部次之,南部整体发展缓慢;② 海盐生产重心长期位于东部的两淮盐区,19世纪后期向北部盐区快速迁移;③ 资源环境与生态差异促进了各岸段海盐生产演化分异,垄断性管理政策迟滞了海洋盐业的空间集聚进程,未来沿海开发与海洋盐业的可持续发展将主要依靠基于资源生态约束的管理政策与技术。  相似文献   

通过水体置换降低水库富营养化风险：长江口青草沙水库案例研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈义中  朱建荣 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):23-29

城市淡水系统的富营养化风险是世界范围内普遍关注的问题。多种物理、生物和化学技术手段被应用到富营养化湖库的治理当中，以期抑制水体的富营养化程度和藻类生物量。经证实，在未有效降低营养盐来源的情况下，这些手段的效果有限。而在发展中国家，控制营养盐来源可能需要花费数十年的时间。本研究旨在分析某一高营养盐负荷的沿海水库的富营养化和藻类水华风险，以期确认通过水利调度来抑制水库富营养化状态的可行性。该案例水库为位于长江口的青草沙水库。该水库2009至2012年期间的库内五个点位的水质数据被用于进行案例分析。水质指标包括水温、透明度、溶解氧、总氮、总磷和浮游植物叶绿素a。该水库的建设期为2009年4月至2010年10月，期间水库未曾与长江口发生水体交换。该水库的试运营期为2010年10月至2011年1月，正式运营期为2011年1月至今。在运营期间，库内与长江口的水体交换逐步上升。综合营养状态指数（TLI）被用于评估该水库的营养状态变化情况，该指数是通过数个代表性水质指标计算得到。库区的TLI指数峰值在2009年夏季可达51，在2011年夏季可达55，超过TLI指数的富营养化阈值50。TLI的谷值32出现在2010年的夏季。水质观测期的其他时段的TLI指数均可保持在50以下。以上分析结果表明：水库在2009年和2011年夏季由于过量的营养盐负荷和藻类水华迅速恶化到富营养化状态。水库在2010年和2012年均未出现富营养化状态和藻类水华，这是由于2010年期间水库缺少营养盐输入，2012年期间水库调度充分地置换了库区水体。库区水质指标的时空变化均通过文中的观测资料和数据分析进行展示。经分析表明，通过潮汐涨落来充分置换库区水体的水库调度手段是一个极为经济有效的抑制高营养盐水体富营养化和藻类水华的工程手段。  相似文献   

Estimation and prediction of plastic waste annual input into the sea from China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

BAI Mengyu  ZHU Lixin  AN Lihui  PENG Guyu  LI Daoji 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(11):26-39

Marine plastic debris has been a pervasive issue since the last century, and research on its sources and fates plays a vital role in the establishment of mitigation measures. However, data on the quantity of plastic waste that enters the sea on a certain timescale remain largely unavailable in China. Here, we established a model using material flow analysis method based on life cycle assessment to follow plastic product from primary plastic to plastic waste with statistical data and monitoring data from accurate sources. This model can be used to estimate and forecast the annual input of plastic waste into the sea from China until 2020. In 2011, 0.547 3–0.751 5 million tons of plastic waste entered the seas in China, with a growth rate of 4.55% per year until 2017. And the amount will decrease to0.257 1 to 0.353 1 million tons in 2020 under the influence of governmental management. The amount of plastic waste discharged from coastal areas calculated in this study was much larger than that from river, thus it is suggested to strengthen the governance and control of plastic waste in coastal fishery activities in China in order to reduce the amount of marine plastic waste input.  相似文献   

沉积物干容重分析及其沉积学意义:以东海内陆架海区为例     

薛成凤  盛辉  魏东运  杨阳  汪亚平  贾建军 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1093-1107

干容重是沉积学研究中用于计算物质通量的一个重要参量,对于正确认识沉积物的收支平衡、源汇通量以及地貌演化等问题具有重要意义。然而,干容重的分析流程和计算方法仍然缺乏统一的规范,导致干容重的取值不尽合理,影响了沉积学研究的定量化和精准度,这个问题需要引起足够的重视。本文选取了东海内陆架的表层沉积物和柱状沉积物,运用实验测试和间接公式计算两种方法获得了沉积物的干容重,对比分析了两种方法的精准度。研究发现,东海内陆架的细颗粒沉积物的干容重的数值范围是1.1—1.5g/cm~3;影响沉积物干容重的主要因素是沉积物的成分与粒度,前者通过颗粒态物质的密度起作用,后者通过孔隙度来影响。建议:干容重的分析测试工作应在采样后尽快完成;运用干容重进行沉积通量计算时,应根据沉积物的平均粒度和孔隙度的空间变化选择合适的数值,以获得更加合理的结果。  相似文献   

长江口扁担沙动力地貌变化过程研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何钰滢  戴志军  楼亚颖  王杰 《海洋学报》2020,42(5):104-116

河口浅滩不仅为人类提供宝贵湿地资源，而且是调控河势演变的重要因素。研究河口浅滩动力地貌演变规律对航道整治、湿地生态开发及岸堤防护等具有重要价值。本文利用最近150多年的长江口历史海图资料、实测水深与水文泥沙数据，分析长江口南支最大的浅滩—扁担沙动力地貌演变格局及其变化机制。结果表明:(1) 1860?2016年期间，扁担沙反复历经淤积?冲刷?淤积，浅滩由最初水下阴滩发育出露而形成纺锤状沙体，随后演变为细长扁担状，沙尾切滩成爪状沙体，下扁担沙则伴随爪状缝隙被不断填充而淤长；(2)自1954年洪水到目前，扁担沙?2 m、?5 m等深线包络的面积与体积整体上均呈现增长态势，其中面积年均增长率分别为0.88 km2/a和0.81 km2/a，体积年均增长率分别为1.3×106 m3/a和5×106 m3/a；扁担沙浅滩在不同时期冲淤变化不同，其中1998年出现大幅度冲刷，平均冲刷厚度达到1.4 m；(3)扁担沙体积变化和长江入海泥沙的增减无直接联系，但与入海径流量的变化密切相关；(4)白茆沙“南强北弱”的河势、南北港分流工程以及东风西沙水库的建立导致扁担沙向北推移。  相似文献   

基于COM/DCOM的企业级GIS服务器研究     

熊伟  邰茜  蔡中祥 《测绘科学技术学报》2006,23(3):178-181

企业级GIS服务器可提供更高级、更完整的GIS服务,一般基于分布式对象技术构建.AO是ESRI完全基于COM工业标准开发的组件GIS,AGS建立在AO基础上,是企业级GIS服务器中的典范.深入研究COM组件技术、AGS的GIS服务器实现机制,对研发自主产权的企业级GIS服务器很有帮助.文中从应用角度,首先对COM/DCOM概念、本质及实现方式进行了研究;其次分析了AGS的体系结构,得出GIS服务器如何宿主和管理AO组件对象是AGS的核心所在,并对此进行了深入研究;最后提出基于COM/DCOM的PosaGIS服务器架构并进行了相关实践.  相似文献